how can I stop getting people to use fraud on my debit card?

I totally understand the frustration. I don't think there's any positive way to stop something like that. Otherwise everyone would do it and it wouldn't be an issue any longer. But the whole concept around security is that people find ways around.
Best advice I would say is just do your best to not leave around any PII or other sensitive information. Try to think like the thieves you're trying to block. And just because you can't see how one small piece of information can be used against a person, doesn't mean someone else can't think of a way. That's how they get people.
To be more specific in help, keep all your information up to date. Close out accounts you no longer need. Keep your digital footprint as small as you can. And it might help to have around a little cash in case you're unable to use any digital money.

If you open an account at another bank and get a debit card from them, you can use that to "test" each store you visit to see if the theft is coming from there.
Use the card once, note the date and time, then wait a month before testing the next store. If your card is used, you will have a pretty good idea who is doing it.
Might help to take a picture of the person that processed your card if you can too.
Kind of like "Where's Waldo"
For us it was the guy processing the cards for our kids school pictures. Somebody the district hired.

Do not use it online except at time proven vendors. I like to use PayPal or similar when possible to shield the card with other vendors.

Track it down chronologically and geographically. Local purchases likely means taken locally. What was bought before then? Suspect those merchants as possibly having a bad clerk OR it was a card reader at a gas pump, ATM, etc. (skimmng machines)

So if you have your card saved on any websites, you should remove it. Always input your card information every time you make a purchase don’t leave it saved in your profile at a website.

Number one. Stop using ATM. machines to get cash.
Number two switch card companies.
Number three be careful of what you purchase online.
Try and use cash for about 30 days. But only when you can.
The problem should go away.

Well can you not go to your bank and ask for another ATM card? change your p i n and use your other hand to hide the numbers you enter in.

Withdraw $1000? so you can have cash to tide you over.