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Think you know Trump’s new bill? Try this big, beautiful quiz.

Think you know Trump’s new bill? Try this big, beautiful quiz.

By Lawrence Douglas/The Guardian
Thu 10 Jul 2025 06.00 EDT.

The legislation may be the most regressive tax measure in US history – but at least Ice should be happy.

1. In making permanent the Trump tax cuts of 2017, which had been set to expire later this year, the so-called "big, beautiful bill" is perhaps the most regressive tax measure in American history, transferring huge sums of money from the poorest Americans to the richest. On average, Americans in the top 0.1% of earners stand to receive a $300,000 annual tax break, while the poorest 20% stand to lose about $560 per year. Making these cuts permanent will blow a hole in the federal deficit but fiscally makes sense because:

A. As Trump noted: “After this kicks in, our country is going to be a rocket ship economically.”

B. While economists have shown that the tax cuts championed by every Republican president beginning with Ronald Reagan have never contributed to wage growth or a sustained boom in investment, that’s only because the cuts were never quite massive enough.

C. The price of super-yachts has gone up a lot in the last couple of years.

D. The redistributive welfare schemes of Marxist freaks like presidents Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and Joe Biden had permitted the bottom 40% of American households to gain control of a whopping 0.4% of total household net worth.

Answer: D. The redistributive welfare schemes of Marxist freaks like presidents Bill Clinton, Barack Obama and Joe Biden had permitted the bottom 40% of American households to gain control of a whopping 0.4% of total household net worth.


2. During the Biden administration, Republican “fiscal hawks” – including senators Mike Lee (Utah), Rick Scott (Florida) and Ted Cruz (Texas), and representatives Chip Roy (Texas), Andy Biggs (Arizona), and Ralph Norman (South Carolina) – were prepared to let the US default on its national debt rather than raise the debt ceiling by even a single dollar unless congressional Democrats were prepared to accept draconian budget cuts. These same GOP lawmakers voted in support of Trump's big bill that raises the debt ceiling by an astonishing $5tn and promises to add some $3.4tn to the federal deficit. They did so because:

A. Having recently attended a seminar on liberal Keynesian economics held at Harvard University, they claim to have now come to appreciate the wisdom in deficit spending.

B. They blamed congressional Democrats for hiding the increase in the bill’s fine print.

C. They said they confused trillions with billions, with one lawmaker saying: “Who can keep track of all those zeroes?”

D. They have mastered the art of suppressing the normal human shame that comes from acting in a transparently hypocritical fashion.

Answer: D. They have mastered the art of suppressing the normal human shame that comes from acting in a transparently hypocritical fashion.


3.A largely overlooked feature of Trump's bill is its elimination of the longstanding tax on the purchase of:

A. Textbooks and other necessary school supplies.

B. Feminine hygiene products.

C. Firearm silencers.

D. Insulin pumps, medical thermometers and hearing aids.

E. Smoke detectors and fire extinguishers.

Answer: C. Firearm silencers.


4.In making 4m acres of federal land available for coal leasing and in eliminating virtually all the clean energy tax incentives passed during the Biden administration, Trump's bill will, according to experts, reap the greatest economic benefit for which country?

A. The United States

B. Guinea-Bissau

C. Chad

D. China

E. Seychelles

Answer: D. China


5. Although Elon Musk's “department of government efficiency” (Doge) had previously drastically slashed the staffing of the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), canceling at least 1,200 grants meant to support cultural and academic projects, Trump's bill provides $40m to the NEH to be spent on commissioning statutes for one of the president’s pet projects, a “Garden of Heroes”. The following pair of great American heroes are all candidates for Trump’s planned garden except:

A. Cy Young and Kobe Bryant

B. John Wayne and Alex Trebek

C. Earl Warren and Web Du Bois

D. Sam Walton and Vince Lombardi

E. Antonin Scalia and William F Buckley Jr.

Answer: C. Earl Warren and Web du Boris.


6.While stripping Medicaid of $1tn in financing with the likely result that over 11 million Americans will lose access to health insurance, Trump's bill appropriates an astonishing $170bn for immigration enforcement. This exceeds the annual defense spending of which nation?

A. Russia

B. Germany

C. India

D. The United Kingdom

E. All of the above

Answer: E. All of the above.


7. The $30bn specifically targeted for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) will triple its current budget. This will give Ice a budget larger than which federal law enforcement agency?

A. FBI

B. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

C. US Marshals Service

D. Bureau of Prisons

E. All of the above combined.

Answer: E. All of the above combined.


8. Included in the Trump bill's $170bn for immigration enforcement, about $45bn is earmarked for building and maintaining new Ice detention facilities. This would more than double Ice’s detention capacity, permitting the agency to detain about 120,000 people at any given moment. This expansion is desperately needed because, of the 56,000 people presently in Ice detention:

A. The overwhelming number are, as Stephen Miller declared: “the most heinous of the most heinous” –convicted murderers, serial rapists and known terrorists.

B. The great majority, though perhaps not super dangerous, nonetheless are copiously tattooed, though perhaps not as copiously as Pete Hegseth.

C. 70% have never been charged with a crime, a fact that suggests these folks are experts at deviously avoiding detection by law enforcement.

D. Fewer than 10% have ever been charged with a serious crime, a fact that suggests there is no need for this radical expansion – unless Miller’s underlying agenda is to unleash masked shock troops on the streets of America who will throw a “whole society of really honorable, decent, family-loving people”, as George W Bush described them, into a network of detention centers.

Answer: D. Fewer than 10% have ever been charged with a serious crime, a fact that suggests there is no need for this radical expansion – unless Miller’s underlying agenda is to unleash masked shock troops on the streets of America who will throw a “whole society of really honorable, decent, family-loving people”, as George W Bush described them, into a network of detention centers.


9. Confronted with polling that shows that Americans disapprove of the "big, beautiful bill" by nearly a two-to-one margin, Trump insisted:

A. "It’s the most popular bill ever signed.”

B. “If you see anything negative. . .it’s all a con job.”

C. The negative numbers are the work of Democrats “because they hate Trump. But I hate them, too. You know that? I really do, I hate them … because I really believe they hate our country.”

D. All of the above.

Answer: D. All of the above.


10. Democrats are confident that the unpopularity of Trump's bill will permit them to recapture Congress in 2026. This hope seems clearly warranted because:

A American voters have a long political memory and a demonstrated capacity to connect cause with effect.

B. Even diehard Maga supporters will be able to see that their beloved leader has sold them a bill of goods.

C. Pushing through tax breaks for billionaires while sticking it to poorer Americans has always cost Republicans at the polls.

D. Really, what else do they have?

Answer D. Really, what else do they have?
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To me, there are two ways of thinking about the new law : first, is it good for the country in terms of long term economic growth? The answer is yes (because of the tax cuts that were extended) and no (because the tax cuts aren’t paid for so that’s something that will hurt future Americans—-should have been more spending cuts to entitlements and to defense). second , is it good for me personally? The answer is that it doesn’t change my financial situation much if at all. But I find it interesting that the media is attracted to how the bill hits the poorest versus the wealthiest. Makes for good headlines and social media fodder but says nothing of relevance to those in the vast middle of the income distribution.
@BiasForAction Do tax cuts for the wealthy actually lead to more economic growth? Not if they're being financed by government borrowing. Government borrowing increases interest rates and reduces money available for other forms of investment.

The flip side of the question is: do tax increases reduce economic growth? No, and the big counterexample here is the Clinton admin. Clinton began with a tax increase, and under Clinton we had more job growth, GDP growth than any time in the last 50 or so years. In addition, we had two years of balanced budgets under Clinton; the first since Eisenhower!!

In short, tax cuts don't necessarily boost the economy; tax increases don't necessarily damage it.
@ElwoodBlues I think what i wrote acknowledges that tax cuts ought to be paid for or spur enough growth to offset the borrowing that is required. And I acknowledged the new law doesn’t do that. Thank you for the history lesson — though I am plenty old enough to remember the examples you cite.
SunshineGirl · 36-40, F
@BiasForAction If the bulk of the redistribution of wealth had been directed towards the poorest 20%, it would provide a massive economic stimulus as most of the money would be spent quickly and recycled in the wider economy. Directing the money towards those who are already wealthy is most likely to result in wealth being hoarded in savings acvoubts and trust funds where it will benefit no one but a handful of financial professionals.
@SunshineGirl it all depends on how the money is spent. In this bill, the extension of tax credits for capital equipment and R&D are hugely beneficial for business and Econ growth. Unfortunately the media likes to lump all provisions into for the wealthiest or for te poorest and doesn’t adequately report on the incentives for investment. I realize there are those who hate the new law (it’s not a bill anymore), but like most new laws that are very lengthy and contain numerous provisions , there is plenty to cherry pick from it’s not all evil and it’s not all angelic
Khenpal1 · M
@BiasForAction long term economic growth? Such scenario for USA is science fiction in near future. The growth needed will have to be 3% for next 10 years.
SunshineGirl · 36-40, F
@BiasForAction Most people are wage earners, not entrepreneurs. The greater part of the wealth transfers are in the form of personal income tax with no obvious link to economic investment.

I am an economist and do not recognise demons and angels. My contention is simply that wealth transfer to the poorest in society will logically have a far more positive impact on economic growth than putting more money in the bank accounts of the richest.
@BiasForAction says
the extension of tax credits for capital equipment and R&D are hugely beneficial for business and Econ growth.
How much in dollars is that tax credit expected to be? How does that compare with the income tax cuts for the top 10%?

From what I can tell, the top 10% get 60% to 68% (depending on source) of all the tax benefits. I'm guessing that sorta drowns out the Cap + R&D tax credits, but I'd like to see your numbers.
@ElwoodBlues I have no idea but making permanent the lower coroporate tax rate and lower tax rate for pass-through businesses and the R&D tax credit and full expensing for business expenses from the 2017 act was a necessity in my opinion and incredibly good for the country.
@BiasForAction If it's an ounce of beneficial medicine mixed with a pound of poison, then no, it's NOT good for the country. The relative numbers matter.