What should we make of a USA president who claims "we don't care about selling goods and services to external markets?"

Your progression outlines a historical evolution of economic and social systems, highlighting how power and wealth have been structured over time. Here's a brief overview of each stage:

Aristocracy: This system is characterized by a ruling class of nobles who hold power and land. Wealth and status are often inherited, and social mobility is limited.

Feudalism: Emerging in medieval Europe, feudalism is a system where land is held by lords who grant portions to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty. Peasants or serfs work the land and are bound to it, creating a rigid social hierarchy.

Mercantilism: This economic theory dominated from the 16th to the 18th centuries, emphasizing the role of the state in managing the economy. It focused on accumulating wealth through trade, colonial expansion, and the belief that national strength comes from a positive balance of trade.

Capitalism/Oligarchy: Capitalism emerged as a dominant economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and the pursuit of profit. However, it can lead to oligarchy, where a small group of individuals or corporations hold significant power and influence, potentially creating inequalities similar to those seen in earlier systems.

This progression illustrates how economic systems can evolve and how power dynamics shift over time. Each system has its own characteristics and implications for social structure, governance, and individual rights. Discussions about these transitions often involve debates about equity, justice, and the role of government in regulating economic activity.