I live in the states, I have questions if I want to cross the border to sightsee in Canada

Do I need a passport? Are they going to search my belongings while entering or leaving?

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Yes, you need a passport. There is a possibility that your belongings will be searched at the border. Usually they ask you to declare if you have any prohibited items, such as drugs, firearms, alcohol...etc., etc. They can decide whether or NOT to believe you.