How do soldiers decide when it's time to retire if they've been passed over for promotion, and what factors influence that decision?

When the first heavy monsoon rain hits New Delhi, what is the most distinct sound you hear that tells you the season has truly changed?
Why are Trump Republicans more triggered by Spanish in a halftime show than they are the Epstein files?
How do professors adjust their courses when they realize students aren't prepared due to gaps in prerequisite knowledge?