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The idea that lemmings commit mass suicide is a myth.
Due to their high reproductive rate, they have population booms and busts. They breed up to high numbers when food is abundant and, when it becomes scarce, scatter in all directions.
Reference: Stenseth, N. C.; Chan, K. S.; Framstad, E.; Tong, H. 1998 "Phase- and density-dependent population dynamics in Norwegian lemmings: Interaction between deterministic and stochastic processes". Proceedings. Biological Sciences.
Due to their high reproductive rate, they have population booms and busts. They breed up to high numbers when food is abundant and, when it becomes scarce, scatter in all directions.
Reference: Stenseth, N. C.; Chan, K. S.; Framstad, E.; Tong, H. 1998 "Phase- and density-dependent population dynamics in Norwegian lemmings: Interaction between deterministic and stochastic processes". Proceedings. Biological Sciences.