Laughs. I must be way off compared to other answers here. Traditional values...having morals and principles, integrity, respect for the family unit and each other, being honest, hardworking, a person of faith, doing your best to be a productive member of society, and a good person, etc.

All too often a sinister euphemism for domestic repression by male chauvinists of women and children.

And not necessarily by physical violence, at least not against the adults. What in UK law is the offence of "controlling and coercive behaviour" can take many forms and actual assault is not the main one.

(I do not know if other countries have similar laws - in some parts of the world even the concept of rape as deeply serious crime against its victims seems not to exist..)

The traditional values of the U.S. have included misogyny, racism, religious fanaticism, homophobia and oppression, so I tend to be suspicious. And I’ve observed that they rarely include inclusion or acceptance of perceived "differences".

Context is key here...

But lately normally it means they're being political and trying to say "our way" or "their way"... whole trying to be vague in explaining what the ways are and trying to rally people in one direction or the other.

But generally speaking, family coming first, and/or Christian heterosexual relationships.

It typically comes from the mouth of conservative Christians so that's the first thing I think of. "Patriarchy" "Men should always decide important matters in the family" "Women should stay at home, not work." "Women need to have children to have value" "You have to believe in our God to be valued by us" "Having children out of marriage is wrong." "No tattoos, no piercings, modest clothing, only natural colors of hair" "Homosexuality is wrong"

I think of people who still believe in marriage, and in having children.

That they're right wing repressive people who want to turn back the clocks to 1950 or earlier.

Often associated with strict discipline

Archaic ways abandoned for good reasons

It could be a few things: bigotry, misogyny, child abuse, or a combination.

All the worst mistakes of our past

Helping the rich get richer.

Oppression of women and non-white people

Racism, deference to authority, learǹing by rote, child abuse, misogyny, spanking . .

Racist or sexist probably

Mom is barefoot, pregnant, and on the kitchen. Dad whoops the kids when they " get uppity". Daughter plays with dolls and learns to cook, while son is raised to join the military. Black, yellows, and browns stay with blacks, yellows, and browns. Whites stay with whites. Jingoism as lifestyle.

That they are more conservative and believe in God.