@room101: Human ethics are well known and common between all religions, traditions, and cultures. These are given knowledge by God. Even a little kid knows that stealing and lying are wrong without being taught. In my comment, I did not say that lying is exclusively prohibited in Islam, neither this point is even relevant to my point.
My point was to distinguish between the law and God's consciousness; not all wrong actions are punishable (in this life) by the Islamic law. Yet, someone has to fear God before committing such actions. For example, disrespecting parents has no punishment in the Islamic law, but it's strongly prohibited in the Quran. Therefore, God's consciousness should elevate our character.
In this age when individuality takes president over social benefit, the door is open for individuals to do what makes them feel good, regardless of how much their actions would effect society at large.
The Islamic law, on the other hand, is focused on protecting human life, religion, the mind, progeny, and property. Every rule in Islam goes back to one or more of those five aspects.
Theft is a violation of property, and sometimes human life if there's murder involved. Islam protects society from such a crime. It's believed that people have the right to feel safe and secure regarding their life and property.
However, the Islamic law is not as "simple" as many people would perceive it to be. The rule is applied according to circumstances. So someone's hand won't be cut-off for stealing an orange.
The Islamic law is only applied in a healthy society, where people's basic needs are fulfilled. For instance, there's no cutting of hands during famine, or in a country with high percentage of unemployment.
The thing stolen should have been taken by stealth; if it was not taken by stealth, then the hand should not be cut off, such as when property has been seized by force in front of other people, because in this case the owner of the property could have asked for help to stop the thief.
The stolen property should be something of worth, because that which is of no worth has no sanctity, such as wine and pigs (those are prohibited in Islam). The value of the stolen property should be above a certain limit, which is three Islamic Dirhams or a quarter of an Islamic Dinar, or their equivalent in other currencies.
The stolen property should have been taken from a place where it had been put away, i.e., a place where people usually put their property, such as a cupboard, for example. The theft itself has to be proven, either by the testimony of two qualified witnesses or by the confession of the thief twice.
The person from whom the property was stolen has to ask for it back; if he does not, then (the thief’s) hand does not have to be cut off.
Now, with these restrictions, how many people will have their hands cut off?
The aim of the law is not to punish, but to keep society healthy, safe, and secure. I find it fascinating how people would protest against punishments that are meant for criminals. "Barbaric punishments" they say.
Do you know what is really barbaric?
Theft!