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"Green" Energy Quiz

Test yourself!

No trick questions. I can't give prizes.

See how far you go just from your own general-knowledge, without text-books, Wikipedia etc. Please don’t blurt out the answers until I have given them, probably tomorrow!

Please Note: This is a general-knowledge quiz, and I hope informative. If you wish to keep score, I’ll give the counts with the answers. It is mainly concerned with environmental matters but does extend a little more broadly.

I compiled it from remembered school science and geography, and much subsequent accumulated general and just a little work, interest and knowledge; the majority no more than I would expect of anyone really. Unless they are the average politician or that Greater Thunderbox lass, perhaps! No question needs deep, specialist, professional experience, and I used only enough research to verify facts.

I am now retired and although I have always worked at modest levels in trades related to science and engineering, have no other commercial, let alone political, gain connection to any of its topics.



1) Power relates to Energy how, by their proper units?

2) The single metallic chemical element fundamental to practically everything we own, use or do, is?

3) Which of these is NOT a “fossil fuel”: coal, petroleum, lignite, methane (natural gas)?

4) What is it (in Q3) instead?

5) Energy’s fundamental property is?

6) Why, until satisfactory alternatives are sufficiently feasible, will coal still be necessary for smelting Q2’s element from its ore (two reasons)?

7) Why does that smelting also use limestone?

8) If no more of Q3’s minerals, by depletion or policy, do we continue building wind turbo-alternators, battery-powered cars, etc., as now?

9) “Pollution” is also used for excessive noise, its pressure level usually quoted in “dB” (abbr. for “deciBels”). Is the dB a) a linear sound level unit, b) an integer range of levels, c) a measure of physiological effect, or d) based on the logarithm of a ratio of linear levels?

10) Two equivalent, modern cars; one petrol, the other diesel; both in full condition. Same driver, journeys and road conditions. Which car is the LESS atmospherically polluting?

11) Mean level of world-wide temperature rise alarming at < 2ºC. You’d hardly notice that alone, so the problem?

12) What is the AdBlue (brand-name) fluid sold in filling-stations, for? (In the UK – may have equivalents with different names, in other countries.)

13) The two basic forms of synthetic “Plastics” are…?

14) Which if any of these can NOT be salvaged for re-use / re-working as themselves, if in fair condition: steel, concrete, glass-fibre and carbon-fibre composites, aluminium, wood, glass, paint and varnish, paper, natural stone, polyethylene?

15) ISO14001 accreditation covers, what?

16) If the world’s sea-ice alone, such as the North Polar Ice-cap, melts, what might be the expected sea-level rise?

17) Certain plastic materials allowed into the seas can kill some forms of animals. So, poisonous, or what?

18) Basic meaning of Efficiency of an engineering system?

19) Exponential – oft-heard in the News, mostly in conjunction with the pandemic. a) rising rapidly, b) increasing by sudden, irregular steps, c) geometrical rate of change with respect to time ?

20) Renewable Energy, Nett Zero & Zero Carbon: simple clichés, but why lazy?

21) The basic problem of a ground-source heat-pump could be…?

22) Which if any of these are NOT synonyms, or are only so in specific situations: a) iron/steel, b) fuel/energy, c) climate/weather, d) course/trajectory, e) hazard/risk, f) speed/velocity.

23) Fracking: American drilling-rig operators’ slang for the purpose of their work. Its real name…?

24) 1HP = how many W?
ArishMell · 70-79, M
Right, for anyone who had a crack at it.

I would be extremely surprised if anyone could answer all questions straight off, because some are of things I have learnt rather by chance although all related in some way!


ANSWERS

1 point each except as in brackets [ ]. Max.score 34.
HP apart, all units are the SI ones.


1) Power (Watt) = rate of conversion of Energy (Joule) over time (seconds) : 1W = 1J/s.

2) IRON (Fe) – used pure for some electrical applications, alloyed with carbon for cast-iron, and with less carbon, as the main constituent of all Steels used everywhere even if not directly and obviously so…

3) Petroleum… because:

4) Petroleum (crude oil) is a source of fuels and much else. Some “else” might also be available from coal.

5) Energy can be neither created nor destroyed. Its universal “end” form is heat; and learning how to use make fire and control heat was and remains humanity’s first and most important discovery.

6) Coal is distilled to Coke for 1) the blast-furnace fuel for melting the ore, which is iron oxide; and 2) the reducing-agent taking the ore’s oxygen to itself. German and Swedish steel-works experimented with electric-arc furnaces for iron-smelting over 100 years ago, but the process still needs a reducing agent, such as Hydrogen or Carbon. [2]

7) The molten limestone forms a flux, helping the ore and its impurities (mainly silica, as sand) to melt and separate; at about 1800ºC.

8) No! Petroleum, to some extent coal, gives the source chemicals for the materials for turbine-blades, lubricants, electrical insulation, protective paints, battery cases, electronic components, inks for the servicing-manuals. And for much of whatever you are reading this on, have around your home, possibly wear…….

9) d). Sound, vibration and electrical signal power and intensity levels are often expressed in decibel scales using logarithms of the ratio of [measured level / appropriate reference-level], in linear units. For sound in air, 0dB = 20µPa, the incredibly tiny minimum sound-pressure detectable by the fully-healthy human ear in its most sensitive frequency range. How tiny? Convert that 20 micro-Pascals to Bar…. Impressed? You should be!*

10) The diesel, significantly so; by its higher fuel-efficiency; but importantly, especially with modern mixture-control and exhaust systems in full working order.

11) That 2ºC is of temperature not heat, very unevenly distributed, but representing a vast amount of extra heat energy in the seas and air to drive the climate and ultimately, sea-level.

12) “Ad-blue” urea solution used in appropriately-fitted, especially Diesel, vehicles, breaks most of the exhaust’s nitrous oxides to safe nitrogen and oxygen. Ref. Q&A 10.

13) They are:
Thermosetting Plastics (e.g. ‘Bakelite’ and the synthetic resins in fibre-reinforced composites). They harden irretrievably into permanent forms.
Thermoplastics (Polyethylene, PVC, etc.). They can be softened or melted by heat, and moulded, partially re-useably. [2]

14) Concrete, glass-fibre and carbon-fibre composites, paint and varnish.
Though scrap concrete is crushed to aggregate and hardcore. All metals can be re-melted, so can glass, less readily. Some thermoplastics are converted to “new” blends but of lower quality. Solid timber could be re-cut to new profiles, chipped to make particle-boards or at least fuel; even pulped for paper? Most paper and card products can be turned into new versions. [3]

15) ISO14001 accredits and supervises commercial and State organisations’ own environmental-protection processes.

16) Sea-ice: Nil rise. Land-ice cover or its lack, governs sea-level.

17) Not chemically toxic; but some physical forms can entangle or choke animals.

18) Ratio of useful output to input, energy or power. A system giving 35kJ to use from every 100kJ it takes, is (35/100) = 35% efficient.

19) “Exponential”: c), increasing or decreasing at a geometrical rate w.r.t a time constant.
E.g. X 2 monthly: 2^1 in Jan, 2^2 = 4 in Feb, 8 in Mar… 2^12 in Dec: (Happy Christmas).
Base-level, multiplier and interval should be quoted, but I think public announcements ought avoid or explain the “E”-word.

20) “Renewable Energy”: see Q&A 5. “Nett Zero” and “Zero Carbon”: Americanism apart, it is Carbon Dioxide, not Carbon. A small point? No: poor jargon rather than proper terms, risks poor understanding. [2]

21) If over-powerful or over-used, a ground-source heat-pump might extract heat from its ground more rapidly than the natural re-charge, so would need stopping for Nature to catch up. Analogy: the depletion around an over-drawn water-well. The problem would be exacerbated if a whole street of homes uses them; and possibly by certain conditions such as rapid ground-water flow. Besides, it’s cruel to freeze the worms!

22) None are synonyms! Steels are alloys of iron and carbon; in some, also other metals. Fuel: holds potential energy. Climate controls weather. A trajectory is the ballistic flight of a projectile, thrown with no further course directing. Risk is the possibility of the action of an intrinsic hazard; formal assessment also uses expected severity of outcome. Speed alone is scalar; velocity a vector of speed and direction. CF. A20….. [6]

23) Hydraulic Fracturing – of gas-bearing shales. Highly contentious, more by fear than reality, largely because sensibly understanding its hazards and their risks properly is needs some understanding of geology and seismology. In the UK at least it would also be subject to very strict environmental and planning regulations.

24) 1HP = 746 W. For most practical purposes, 750 is simpler and close enough.


+++++

*Decibels and hearing.

I'd not intended the last part as a question as such, just something for you to try separately. This is what it means:

1Bar is Standard Atmospheric Pressure; a unit allowed under the SI system for everyday use, but the Pascal (Pa) is the "Preferred" (official) SI unit of pressure. It seems designed by an International Standards Organisation committee for mathematical neatness rather than practicality as it amounts to only 1 / 100 000 Bar. So you need at least two-hundred-thousand of them to inflate your car tyres to approx 30psi.

Only... it's far too big for Acoustics so is divided by a million, to the micro-Pascal (µPa).

The 0dB = 20µPa level as the softest discernible by the human ear at its best is therefore.....

20 / (100 000 000 000) Bar.

= 1 / (5000 000 000) Bar.

A mere five-thousand-millionth of atmospheric pressure.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@ninalanyon I had to use a range of SI terms and their initials too, at work, but do believe it only right to respect the original names and etymology where possible, as it is with languages using the same alphabet.

After all, we don't change of spellings of, say, French, German or Welsh town names just because we might find them hard to pronounce properly.
ninalanyon · 61-69, T
@ArishMell
we don't change of spellings of, say, French, German or Welsh town names just because we might find them hard to pronounce

I'm in IKEA at Osnabrück having dinner. I'm quite confident that most Britons would type Osnabruck without the umlaut.

And I have never met anyone outside Italy who when speaking English says Firenze instead of Florence.

And the French write Londres not London.

Do you write Moscow or Moskva or Москва?

Sorry, got carried away!

Nina xx
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@ninalanyon Oh, I know different places assume their own spellings in other countries, but provided the alphabet is the same it's by no means universal.

If Britons can't add non-British accents it's usually because it's rather awkward physically to do so. I have created a little "desk-top" resident 'Word' document containing various accents and other symbols for copying, and it does gain another now and then when the occasion demands:

ø å æ

π μ

¼ ½ ¾



è é ê

É

î

The first two are for when I "write" to my pen-friend in Norway - she is by the way English.,

While when I need type the degree and micro signs I can still remember the [ALT+number] code I used a lot at work (respectively, 0186 and 0181):

º and µ.
For the price of one nuclear power plant liars could have made NYC carbon neutral. You never will. Never would. Americans are liars.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@Roundandroundwego I've never really thought the "carbon-neutral" cliche as a viable aim. Well-meaning yes, "Reduced CO2" yes, but every solution to the problems seems to bring more problems of its own.
@ArishMell bull. You hate nature, you drive instead of building a reasonable city. You chant the lies together -"unviable".
Smart kids are ecocidal. STEM students really are anti social and ecocidal. You understand what you want to.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@Roundandroundwego Pardon? :-)
Green energy can't kill you. So it's a loser and NATO wins.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@Roundandroundwego Pardon???

That lot was a science and engineering quiz. Nowt to do with anyone's political views! I called it "green" merely as a title.
@ArishMell let's get technical as you forgot the point whatever...
I'm with the dumb kids, here. We're not behind in any way that would slow us down. You're excellent in blah blah slow. Smarties built the nukes and dumb kids just won't.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@LordShadowfire Oh come on! I don't believe that of you! :-)
LordShadowfire · 46-50, M
@ArishMell I can look over the questions again, but that was the first post I read when I woke up this morning. Brain wasn't awake, lol.
ArishMell · 70-79, M
@LordShadowfire Oh I know that feeling well! I think mine has little naps at at odd times in the day, too.

 
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