You seem to associate discipline with fear. To answer your question , poverty is linked to child abuse and neglect,or general mistreatment. Poverty is also linked to educational disadvantages. And educational disadvantages and poverty are more common amongst minorities like blacks and hispanics. Not asians however. It could be assumed that part of it is a lack of understanding on how physical violence as a form of discipline actually affects children . It could also be that it is an intergenerational behaviour . It could be both. Kind of like the poverty trap. Maybe part of it. Also children of abused households dont do well in education either. And if those households are also low income earners their chance of not receiving an adequate educational experience further increases. Repeating the cycle. I hope this somewhat answers you
