Is there a word for when a car has an engine that comes out of the hood? Like in this picture.

Ones like that with a pulley at the front are air induction pressurization devices called a supercharger. Some only have a scoop or several pipes called trumpets through the cutout to make clearance room under the hood for a high rise manifold. They made some from the factory with matching air scoops that would seam well with the hood. This variety is what's known as a 'shaker."