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Teggy You mean the Jewish holocaust of WWII? Or the many other holocausts that happen all the time? History repeats you see so saying "well we learnt our lesson" seems like wishful thinking to me. Instead you should show you mean it through action and cost.
once the affected persons die off the "promised" debt is redundant
No, I think you'll find that a debt can still be claimed by the next of kin.
Why have innocent populous of a nation pay for someone else's mistakes
Why have a nation pay for its mistake you mean? The US made the mistake and the US (all citizens) will pay. Even the African Americans ironically as they pay taxes too.
people who didn't go through any sort of hard times
This is the saddest part of your comment. It makes me think you don't understand the race issues in the US. All African Americans have gone through hard times. They've been targeted by laws that stopped them every step of the way. The war on drugs kept them in prisons, Jim Crow laws kept them segregated, voter laws kept them out of Congress where they could start making a difference. Slavery is just one measurable factor I've used to calculate reparations but it isn't the only factor of hardship