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September 4th in History

September 4th


1651 King Charles II of England, on the run from Parliamentarians at White Ladies Priory, disguises himself as a countryman by rubbing his hands and face with soot.




1861 British Association for the Advancement of Science proposes standard units of electrical measurement (the Volt after Alessandro Volta; the Ohm after Georg Ohm) at its 31st annual meeting (Manchester, England)



1882 In its first large-scale test, Thomas Edison's light bulb is used to light New York's Pearl Street Station.



In 1947, the fifth Marquess of Bute inherited Cardiff Castle on the death of his father and faced considerable death duties. He sold the very last of the Bute lands in Cardiff and on 4th September 1947, he gifted the castle and the surrounding park to the people of Cardiff. The castle is now run as a tourist attraction and protected as a grade I listed building and as a scheduled monument.


1882 In its first large-scale test, Thomas Edison's light bulb is used to light New York's Pearl Street Station.

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1964 – Scotland’s Forth Road Bridge Opens

On September 4, 1964, Scotland’s Forth Road Bridge near Edinburgh was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II. The bridge, spanning the Firth of Forth, connected the capital city of Edinburgh with Fife and provided a vital link for road traffic in Scotland.

At the time of its completion, it was one of the longest suspension bridges in the world, with a main span of 1,006 meters (3,300 feet).




Thomas the Tank Engine was first broadcast on television on 4th September 1984.
In 1943, Reverend Wilbert Awdry, whilst a curate in Kings Norton, Birmingham, invented stories about railway engines to amuse his son Christopher during a bout of measles. Awdry was then encouraged to produce books about these stories, the first 'The Three Railway Engines' was released in 1945, followed by 'Thomas the Tank Engine' in 1946.



1966: The radio-ship Laissez Faire (Olga Patricia), home of Swinging Radio England and Britain Radio, drags her anchor and for a while drifts towards Harwich.



1965 - The Who had their equipment van stolen while purchasing a guard dog at Battersea Dog's Home in England.


1968 - "Street Fighting Man" by the Rolling Stones was banned by several Chicago radio stations in Chicago, IL. Authorities feared it might incite public disorder.
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ArishMell · 70-79, M
NB: Edison did not invent the incandescent light-bulb. He solved the problem of very short life in the original invention, in England by Joseph Swan, in the 1870s. Swan had used carbon filaments, Edison realised metal would last longer.

Despite initial issues with the high current required and the relatively short lifespan of the bulbs, Swan's invention found immediate applications. His own house, Underhill, became the world's first home illuminated by light bulbs. The Lit & Phil Library in Newcastle was the first public room lit by electric light during a lecture by Swan in 1880. Perhaps most famously, London's Savoy Theatre became the first public building in the world to be entirely lit by electricity in 1881.

In 1883, after a series of patent disputes with Thomas Edison, Swan's strong patents in Britain led to the merger of their companies into the Edison & Swan United Electric Light Company, commonly known as "Ediswan". Ediswan became a significant manufacturer of light bulbs and other electrical products, contributing to Britain's emerging electrical industry.

Source: https://britishheritage.org/en/joseph-swan

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I wonder what (watt?) the B.A. used to define the volt and ohm?

In the SI scale they are not among the Basic Units, and are Derived, defined thus:

volt, of electromotive force: V = kg.m (^2) s(^-2). A(^-1)

ohm, resistance: Ω = kg.m (^2) s(^-2). A(^-2)

The ampere (A) of current is the only electrical one of the seven Basic units, and all the other electrical units are similar compounds of the kilogramme, metre, second and ampere.

Except of course the watt (W), of mass, distance and time only as it applies to power irrespective of the type of energy.

(Source: an A-Level Physics text-book.)

The English baronet and engineer Sir Joseph Whitworth had already revolutionised mechanical engineering production with the B.A. adoption 1841 of the standard screw-thread he devised, and which it named after him; in order to facilitate far greater general interchangeability.

(I tried to copy and paste the units with their indices from my 'Word' document list of special and foreign letters I have prepared for such purposes, but SW's text-editor stripped the superscript formatting.)

 
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