In a right angled triangle, one of the angles is denoted theta. What is the symbol for the other angle? I have a vague feeling it's lower case sigma or phi but I can't find anything to comfirm or deny that.
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The symbol for theta is Θ in caps and θ in small. The small θ is often used for acute angles as a first choice. The other angles are then denoted with alpha, beta or gama.
I don't think it a hard and fast rule. Just habit, the way n is used to denote a random number. Or x and y used for algebra.
Your reference to theta for right angles triangles specifically is perhaps due to trigonometry where sin θ, cos θ and tan θ are most common.