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Lucyy it's not just children either. Adults do the same thing.
Talking about racial differences, whether genetic or cultural, has become completely taboo. Look at what's happened to Charles Murray and the other researcher that did work on race and IQ. Look at what happens whenever anyone brings up issues with "black" or other cultures. These differences exist, if we simply pretend they don't we give those who aren't scared to discuss them, usually racists trying to push an agenda, the only voices in the arena. And when they're the only voices people believe them. Just like you said with kids, if they don't understand they draw incorrect conclusions.
For an easy example society destroys anybody that claims there's a difference in average IQ between races. Because of this the majority of people that will admit it are racists that try to use it to claim races with lower iq's are inferior. And because nobody else will talk about it their only opposition is "there is no difference" which is clearly false, so nobody gains an actual understanding and a lot of people believe the racists.
The truth is that yes, there are racial differences in IQ. A certain sect of Jews is highest, followed by asians and whites, and blacks are the lowest. But iq isn't indicative of value, and it isn't even fully indicative of intelligence. IQ tests seem to have a cultural component and they aren't the only metric for intelligence, for example blacks score highest on some verbal intelligence tests. But nobody knows this, because due to stigma the only options people hear are "there is no difference in iq" or "blacks and Hispanics are inferior due to lower iq's." Those are both incredibly stupid.
The refusal to discuss differences in culture is the same. The two societal narratives are "cultures are all the same" or "black/hispanic/whatever culture is inferior." Those are both dumb as fuck. I grew up in the hood. I know the problems with ghetto (some would say black but I don't like terming it that) culture. I know there are problems with glorifying violence and crime and mocking education and real jobs. But I also know the loyalty and generosity that culture breeds, which is missing from many other cultures. When you pretend differences don't exist to ignore negatives you not only ruin any chance at improving negatives, you also ignore positives.
If society would listen to people like Glenn Loury and John McWhorter instead of Ta Nehisi Coates and Jesse Jackson etc racial issues would be all but over imo.