I Am Amazed At the Universe
Ok. I have learned a few things that are useful. From the book Black Holes and Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy by Kip S. Thorne, it was learned what the nature of black dwarf star's matter is. One needs to balance the pressure and gravity and one also needs an equation of state relating the compressability of the matter to its density. Basically one finds that due to quantum degenercay rather than heat for moderate densities (where the motions of confined electrons are not moving close to the speed of light), the change in pressure was related to a given change in pressure raised to the 5/3 power. For more massive and hence denser white dwarfs in which the electrons are discouraged from accelerating much more due to relativistic limits (the tremendous energies required to cause particles to approach the velocity c), the change in pressure is related to a change in density raised to the 4/3 power. Then in stellar remnants more massive than about 1.4 suns, one finds that the matter is forced down to being neutrons so that the neutron degeneracy then provides a pressure to resist further gravitionally compression. If the stellar remnants are greater than about 2 masses, then there is no known mechanism that keeps the matter from undergoing an ultimate compression. The star is said to implode without limit and an event horizon forms so that information, matter, energy etc can not escape from the object.
The question is what is the state of matter within the black hole? One can gain a clue from one of Hawking's Theorems which is that the area of a black hole, at least when it interacts with other objects, always increases. This is equivalent to saying that the entropy always increases. Berkenstein estimated that the entropy was about equal to the area of the black hole divided by the Plank-Wheeler area (2.61 x 10 ^ - 66 cm and is given by G*hbar/c^2 ) so that a 10-solar-mass black hole has an entropy of about 10^79 so that the number of ways objects within the black hole can be distributed is about 10^10^79. He conjectured, interestingly, that this entropy exists inside the black hole. One can also think in terms of the horizon surface gravity as being related to temperature. That makes sense to me by noting that mass and energy are equivalent according to Einstein's theories, and thus both create gravity. Furthermore in thermodynamics the energy is given as a function of temperature. Thus gravity through its dependence on energy is a function of temperature. Following up on this idea one can say it doesn't even much matter whether we are thinking in terms of a lot of matter moving around at high speeds, or less matter moving around at even higher speeds, or just energy,as whatever is in the black hole effectively causes tremendous gravitational forces to be produced by extreme temperatures. So this implies that, in contrast to the matter inside the black hole all being concentrated in a singularity, as indicated it would be according to the breaking down of general relativity etc within it (which really means one needs to develop and apply a quantum gravitational theory to what is going on inside the black hole), it rather is distributed though in a very tightly confined volume and exerting gravitational forces so strong that light cannot escape from it. Furthermore, there are strong indications that space is discrete, with minimum sizes defined by the Plank length, (and time is as well), so that true point singularities cannot exist in nature. Incidentally that would mean that electrons (and other leptons), neutrinos, photons etc are not true point particles. I also read in this same text and believe that the Big Bang could be modeled as a black hole's formation being reversed in time. Testing.
The question is what is the state of matter within the black hole? One can gain a clue from one of Hawking's Theorems which is that the area of a black hole, at least when it interacts with other objects, always increases. This is equivalent to saying that the entropy always increases. Berkenstein estimated that the entropy was about equal to the area of the black hole divided by the Plank-Wheeler area (2.61 x 10 ^ - 66 cm and is given by G*hbar/c^2 ) so that a 10-solar-mass black hole has an entropy of about 10^79 so that the number of ways objects within the black hole can be distributed is about 10^10^79. He conjectured, interestingly, that this entropy exists inside the black hole. One can also think in terms of the horizon surface gravity as being related to temperature. That makes sense to me by noting that mass and energy are equivalent according to Einstein's theories, and thus both create gravity. Furthermore in thermodynamics the energy is given as a function of temperature. Thus gravity through its dependence on energy is a function of temperature. Following up on this idea one can say it doesn't even much matter whether we are thinking in terms of a lot of matter moving around at high speeds, or less matter moving around at even higher speeds, or just energy,as whatever is in the black hole effectively causes tremendous gravitational forces to be produced by extreme temperatures. So this implies that, in contrast to the matter inside the black hole all being concentrated in a singularity, as indicated it would be according to the breaking down of general relativity etc within it (which really means one needs to develop and apply a quantum gravitational theory to what is going on inside the black hole), it rather is distributed though in a very tightly confined volume and exerting gravitational forces so strong that light cannot escape from it. Furthermore, there are strong indications that space is discrete, with minimum sizes defined by the Plank length, (and time is as well), so that true point singularities cannot exist in nature. Incidentally that would mean that electrons (and other leptons), neutrinos, photons etc are not true point particles. I also read in this same text and believe that the Big Bang could be modeled as a black hole's formation being reversed in time. Testing.
51-55, M